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The function of coolant in machining is crucial for maintaining optimal performance and extending the life of both the tool and the workpiece. Coolants serve to reduce friction and heat generated during the machining process, which can be significant due to the high-speed contact between the cutting tool and the material being machined.

When a tool cuts through a material, considerable heat can be created due to friction. Excessive heat can lead to tool wear, diminished cutting efficiency, and even damage to the workpiece. By using a coolant, this heat is effectively dissipated, allowing the tool to operate at a lower temperature. This not only prolongs tool life but also helps maintain the desired properties of the workpiece material, which might otherwise be compromised by high temperatures.

Additionally, using coolant enhances the cutting efficiency by allowing higher speeds and feeds, as well as improving the surface finish of the machined part. This is why the function of coolant in machining primarily focuses on reducing friction and heat, ensuring a smoother and more efficient machining operation.